In addition, many Jews from Mumbai, India, including Jews from Bahrain who fled to Israel via Mumbai, settled there. Īfter Israeli independence, Neve Efraim was founded by Jewish immigrants from Yemen and Neve Oved was established by the Labor movement. On 6 April 1948, the Irgun raided the British Army camp at Pardes Hanna, killing seven British soldiers and stealing a large quantity of weapons. "Hanna's orchard", also "Pardes Chana") was founded in 1929 by Palestine Jewish Colonisation Association and named after Hannah Rothschild, daughter of Nathan Mayer Rothschild. By 1931, Karkur has grown to 189 houses, with an overwhelming Muslim majority (282 Jews and 564 Muslims) yet by 1945, all Muslims had left, and its population was recorded as 2380, all Jews. Īccording to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Karkur had a population of 38 inhabitants, consisting of 35 Jews and 3 Muslims. Eventually the Jewish National Fund and the London Ahuza society joined forces to establish Karkur. The London Ahuza society hoped to settle English Jews on the land, but succeeded only partially. Shlezinger went bankrupt and sold his land to the Jewish National Fund. Until actual settlement began, the area was guarded by Hashomer, which planted eucalyptus trees to circumvent a Turkish law that allowed the Ottomans to expropriate lands if they were not cultivated for three years. This land became the core of Karkur, Moshav Gan Hashomron and Kibbutz Ein Shemer. Two years later, the land was sold to a private investor, Yitzhak Shlezinger, the Odessa Committee and the First London Ahuza society. In 1913, 15 square kilometers of land was purchased by the Hachsharat Hayishuv society from Arabs in Jenin and Haifa for 400,000 francs (a sum equivalent to 2 million US dollars). An Arab village named Kerkur had stood at this location by the time the Palestine Exploration Fund had compiled its first maps in 1878.
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